A letter will be sent out to parents of
“The new law will impact all ninth, tenth and 11th graders,”
said VUSD Superintendent Stan Carrizosa. He said it would mean less elective choices for
students who have to use one of their elective courses for PE.
California Senate Bill 601, written by Democrat Tom Torlakson, requires high school students to meet five of six
standards that measure a student's physical fitness. If they meet those
five of six standards, then they will only be required to take two years
of PE. If not, they must repeat PE every year until they pass. The requirement
does not affect a student's graduation requirement.
Students are tested every spring for aerobic capacity,
body composition, abdominal strength, trunk extensor strength, upper body
strength and flexibility. Carrizosa said aerobic
capacity is the mile run.
Results released by the state this month showed that
68.7 percent all Visalia Unified ninth graders met that five-of six-standard.
Statewide, only 56.6 percent met the standard.
Robert Oakes, a consultant with Sen. Torlakson,
said that the goal of the bill is, “that all young people live a healthy,
fit lifestyle.”
Torlakson has introduced numerous
bills regarding fitness and offers fitness tips on his senate web site.
Oakes says the bill was passed in September by a 34-2 vote, and then signed
by the governor. It goes into effect Jan. 1.
“Sen. Torlakson feels physical
fitness is tied to academic performance. Hopefully we'll show a generation
of people that fitness is fun,” said Oakes, citing the rise in obesity
and diabetes among Californians.
The 2006-07 California Physical Fitness Report showed
that students in
“We have a system here in place that has had a positive
effect,” said Carrizosa.
Carrizosa said the district
received a grant four years ago that enabled it to develop a program,
train staff and purchase fitness equipment.
He said they mix traditional physical education activities, such
a team sports, with non-traditional activities, such as aerobics.
“We've moved beyond traditional activities. We involve
kids in more flexibility, stretching and upper body strength activities,”
he said.
Statewide, the 2007 test scores showed a 1.5 percent
increase in fifth grade students' scores, a 1.3 increase in seventh grade
students' scores, and a 2.7 percent gain in ninth grade students' scores
compared to last year's results.
“While I'm pleased, these numbers are moving in the right
direction,” O'Connell said, “this annual fitness test serves as an important
reminder to all of us that the majority of our students are not in good
physical shape. Studies show that students who are physically fit are
not only healthier but do better in school. It is up to all of us to provide
ample opportunities for our students to get motivated and get moving.”
The goal of the
In
A score in the HFZ represents the level of fitness thought
to provide some protection from the potential health risks imposed by
a lack of fitness, said the state schools chief. The HFZ reflects reasonable
levels of fitness that can be attained by most students that participate
regularly in various types of physical activity.
A comparison of the results for the last three years
shows minimal improvement statewide, with approximately 2.1 to 3.4 percent
more students achieving the HFZ across all areas of the test. Sixty percent
of the students across the three grades in 2007 met the targeted performance
level for aerobic capacity, considered the most important of the six areas
tested. Recent research correlates good aerobic capacity with a reduction
in many health problems.
State law requires school districts to administer a physical
fitness test, designated by the State Board of Education, to all fifth,
seventh and ninth graders annually. The physical fitness test designated
for
HAZUS provides
“We plan to look at our 1969 building using the HAZUS
assessment tool next year and see if it will in effect, change our SPC2
rating (the Structural Performance Category which permits operation until
2030), allowing us to go to SPC3 (permitting operation beyond 2030),”
said Michael Williams, architect for Kaweah Delta. “That may allow us
not to have to spend the money to build more towers. We can then use that
existing building for patient care.
“It may affect the need for additional buildings,” said
Angela Bouma, Kaweah Delta marketing specialist
and public information officer. “Part of the reason we were building four
towers is that we weren't going to be able to use this acute hospital
after 2030. If we get the SPC3, depending on demand, we may not have to
build a fourth tower, we may only need three or we may only need two.”
“It will certainly mitigate the original 2030 plan to
build four to six towers,” agreed Williams. “There's no question about
it. This expansion is costing us from a construction standpoint only,
not furnishings or equipment, $404 a square foot for this expansion, a
total of $93 million.
“We project that the cost of the next tower, based on
the same scope that this tower is, is between $800 and $1,000 a square
foot,” he continued. “That one would be close to $400 million.
“Is it possible that HAZUS could save Kaweah Delta Health
Care District half a billion dollars - $500,000,000 - by 2030? It's definitely
possible,” Williams said. “That is the level of positive impact that HAZUS
can have if we can achieve that higher structural rating based on the
HAZUS analysis.”
Senate Bill 1953
Following the 1972 earthquake in the San Fernando Valley,
the state adopted Senate Bill 1953 which required hospitals in
“The state did not recognize the impact of SB1953, or
the cost,” said Williams. “The last I heard, to bring the hospitals into
compliance that are not in compliance in
He added that hospitals that couldn't afford to make
the necessary upgrades would be out of business. The state more recently
extended the deadline to 2013 – 2015 if there were special circumstances.
“That still didn't help,” Williams said.
Then came Hazards U.S., more
commonly known as HAZUS. Many hospitals in the
“What it will do in general for most hospitals in the
Valley is reduce that seismic requirement,” Williams said. “That reduction
in seismic requirement is intended to take SPC1 hospitals and make them
SPC2 which means they can go to 2030.
“The
“The company has retained Moelis & Company to assist
with a strategic review of all of the company's TV assets,” announced
Harry J. Pappas, chairman and CEO of Pappas Telecasting. “We contemplate
that this review will result in the sale of a number of our television
station assets.”
“He's engaged the company for a strategic review to determine
which ones he should hold on to and which ones to sell,” explained Michael
Angelos, vice president of corporate communications and property development.
“We're keeping an open mind.”
Pappas has been married for 38 years and has a 14-year-old
son and 9-year-old daughter. “I think that speaks volumes to what is one
of the reasons for this strategic review,” he told the Voice. “After
more than 40 years in the broadcast industry, the time has come to simplify
my life and spend more time with my family.”
“He's 61,” said Angelos. “He's been in the broadcasting
industry for 43 years and he watches his kids grow every day.”
Pappas, who moved from Visalia to Reno about three years
ago, is nearing retirement age, and a stay in a Nevada hospital last year
may have given him what a friend called a kind of “wake-up call. He's
overburdened with a ton of responsibility.”
Pappas was asked if he was “overburdened.” “Yes, because
I've worked hard from my youth,” he said.
Others attribute Pappas' decision to the tough times
the broadcasting industry is facing.
“The market is very soft right now, like the real estate
business,” said Gary M. Cocola, president and CEO of the Fresno-based
Cocola Broadcasting Companies. He points to the fact that consumers nationwide
have an increasing number of choices for their time and attention, including
more time on the internet and with their iPods.
“The internet is taking away a lot of eyeballs from the
TV screen,” added Cocola, who is in the same situation as Pappas, he said,
with major changes coming fast from digital TV technology that will give
stations four frequencies to fill.
Pappas was asked if the switch to high definition was
a factor in his decision.
“No, in fact that's 180 degrees off the mark,” he responded.
“We made a $100 million investment in the digital high definition transition.”
Pappas cited “the prospects for increased service with
a focus on specific content” that the new technology offers and compared
having a television broadcasting company today to having land that turned
out to be “beachfront property.”
Earlier this year, Pappas Telecasting sold off its interest
in Azteca America because the venture that it started several years ago
with Mexican broadcasting company TV Azteca did not work out. The company
now looks at this move as its “first round of strategic review activities,”
which have set the stage for the current hard look at the rest of the
company's broadcasting stations.
KMPH
There is one station, however, which may prove more difficult
for Pappas to part with, KMPH, the company's Fresno-Visalia television
station.
“That's the station with tremendous importance,” Angelos
said. “That's the first television station the Pappas brothers put on
the air. I have to think that selling KMPH would be the least palatable
option.”
Pappas refers to the station as “our first born.” It's
the station he started in 1971 with his brothers, Pete and Mike. The brothers
used their first initials to name the station.
“There's a lot of ties and emotions,” he said. “I lived
in the San Joaquin Valley for four decades and there's a lot there.”
Angelos expects to have the results of the strategic
review by the end of January.
“We will offer some stations for sale, if that's what
the advisor recommends,” said Angelos, adding that “how long stations
may take to sell is unpredictable.”
“There are a number of stations we would intend to sell,
but the exact outcome is impossible to predict,” Pappas agreed.
When asked how many stations he would ideally like to
sell to achieve a balance in his life, he suggested that a Valley Voice
reporter come join him in six to eight weeks to see.
“So much depends on the outcome of the strategic review process and the sales process,” he said.
She said the 18-month project is on schedule. The project
is scheduled for a vote by the California Transportation Commission on
Jan. 9 and that vote will allocate the money for the project.
“We expect it to be funded then. We're almost certain
it will go,” said Samaniego.
Highway 63 will be widened to three lanes in both directions.
In addition, said Samaniego, four intersections will be reconfigured for
dual left turn lanes and right turn lanes. Those intersections are Mooney
at Caldwell, Orchard, Tulare and Beech.
The City of Visalia will do the intersection work, said
Samaniego, in conjunction with the widening project. She said plans also
call for several bus stop turnouts along Mooney.
“The project will not reduce the number of traffic lights,
but the intersections will be improved allowing for better traffic flow,”
she said.
The city is also doing Whitendale and Walnut intersections,
and a portion of Mooney, said Andy Benelli, City of Visalia Public Works
director.
“We're still buying some right-of-way. We're in good
shape to have ours done before they start,” he said. “It hasn't been an
easy project. Construction won't be easy. It's a busy a street.”
Visalia City Manager Steve Salomon expressed concerns
the state's most recent budget crunch could mean another delay for the
project that he said was slated for the mid-1990s, but was delayed after
the 1994 Northridge earthquake.
Two weeks ago, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a
budget crisis. Estimates are the state is facing a $14 billion shortfall
next year.
Samaniego said there was no word that the funds for the
project will be cut. She said bids for the project will go out in January,
with the contract being awarded in February or March. She said work would
begin sometime between April and July.
The project will be done in phases to minimize disruption
to traffic on the busiest street in Tulare County. Also, said Samaniego,
most of the work will be done at night, again to minimize disruption of
traffic flow. Benelli said most of the preliminary work has already been
done at night.
Samaniego said they are considering scaling back the
project during the holiday season next year when traffic is the heaviest
on Mooney.
Utility work has already begun along Mooney. AT&T,
Cal Water and others have been moving some of their infrastructure and
Caltrans continues its survey work.
Samaniego said Caltrans will keep the public informed about the construction throughout the process. “Once project [bid] is awarded, we will hold public information meeting on what phases will be done and what impacts the work will have on traffic,” she said.
The issue likely will be a major issue in 2008, as indicated
by the flurry of efforts to fight an abandonment plan when any plans materialize.
The rail company earlier this year said it was notifying
the Surface Transportation Board, the federal rail line regulatory agency,
of its intentions to seek abandonment of the 30-mile section. But, SJVR
general manager Randy Perry said last week no official abandonment request
has been filed. However, the potential for abandonment of the route was
apparent when the federal agency vetoed a proposal by the Tulare Valley
Railroad to salvage the rail, ties and other materials for that route.
The company is not a part of SJVR, Petty explained.
County sources say that once a rail route is discontinued,
it is very difficult to have it re-established.
County Supervisors Chairman Allen Ishida said he was
told that the cost of maintaining a rail line is $300,000 per mile, while
the construction cost is about $600,000 per mile.
Word of the potential abandonment touched off a wave
of concern from county, city and business officials who fear the abandonment
would have a considerable negative economic impact to expansion plans
for those having rail access or as an incentive for bringing new business
or industry needing or wanting rail access.
The potential purchase of the lines by a public-private
joint venture could be a longshot, but is being given consideration on
several fronts. Nothing can happen, of course, until the SJVR makes it
plans official.
Most all, Tulare County cities have already gone on record
opposing any abandonment plans, said Paul Saldana, Tulare County Economic
Development Corporation executive director, who said a united effort is
moving quickly.
At the same time, there appears to be a countywide scramble
to develop a plan to make the line more economically viable for SJVC.
Perry told The Voice the company has not been approached
on the idea of a sale to any county or public agency and did not discuss
any plans to improve the route usage.
Saldana and Tulare County officials, including supervisors,
have been critical of SJVR not trying to make the lines economically sound.
They point to a $950-per railcar surcharge which they say makes it even
tougher for potential industrial and business users in the southern portion
of the county to use the railway. That surcharge is near expiration, or
has recently expired.
Saldana said a close watch is being kept on the Surface
Transportation Board to see if any petitions are filed.
SJVR is part of Rail America, one of the largest rail firms in the nation.
Park Service Adopts New Management Plan
Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks -
The GMP “Record of Decision” was published
in the federal register December 20, setting in motion a range of activities
and programs the Park Service will utilize to carry out its mission,
says Picavet. The NPS studied four alternatives in the management decision
and took some 400 comments about the alternatives considered. According
to the NPS summary, the plan “maximizes ecological restoration where
possible, while the basic character of the parks activities and the
rustic architecture of facilities is retained.”
“Basically, the public told us they don't
want any big changes to the parks,” summarizes Picavet. One new emphasis
will be on building more facilities for day use vs. long term visitors,
she says.
No change in management is expected in
the Mineral King area, as well, now that a law was passed protecting
the use of the cabins in the Valley for private use.
The plan allows different treatment of
lands near visitor gateways while protecting the wilderness areas from
further development.
“Possibly the first thing people will
notice is the plan to upgrade our visitor shuttle service,” says Picavet,
in cooperation with the City of Visalia.” That was an idea that came
out of the GMP discussions, she says. The shuttle will be in the second
year of a three-year pilot program.
One hot button issue in the decision was
whether horse packing should be curtailed or not and the GMP offers
no new rule prohibiting stock use but says a new wilderness plan will
be developed to guide stock use in the back country.
Asked what the effect on pack stations
in the park was, Picavet says the existing Mineral King pack station
is available but no concessionaire wants to take it on as a business.
As for the Wolverton pack station, there is an EIR study underway to
relocate it.
“We want to expand our educational component
in the future,” says Picavet, with more “Rangers in the Classroom” programs
that were launched in Lindsay.
Other changes coming will be the likely
addition of the new John Krebs Wilderness area that will preclude any
other visitor facility in the Hockett Meadow area. One proposal had
been to allow a High Sierra camp like Bearpaw Meadow at Hockett Meadow,
but the new designation would preclude it.
Also, in wilderness areas near river corridors,
quotas will be enforced on overnight hikers and stock use and on rules
when meadow grazing is open and closed. But these actions are more of
the same. The record of decision says the park will acquire “a small
amount of private land” to provide access.
One issue that is not clarified by the NPS is whether the entrance fee to the twin parks will go up in 2008 as had been contemplated. Picavet says as of today – a few days before January 1, 2008 – no decision had been made. Yosemite rates are going up to $25 per car from $20 and it was thought that Sequoia/Kings Canyon would go up at the same time. Some have argued that the high rate hurts poor families the most.
What's New
Mooney property owner Dave McWilliams,
on the losing end of a battle with Caltrans
and the City of Visalia over the taking of his former Broken Arrow property,
has a new chance to snag a well-known retailer, El Pollo
Loco, the Mexican chicken chain, if he can work out access to what is
left of his property – right in front of the former Costco shopping
center. McWilliams has garnered the support of Assemblyman Bill Maze
to advocate for his position. Caltrans already acquired Mooney frontage on his lot and demolished
the old storefront there. Now McWilliams believes he is due Mooney access
for his lot since historically it fronted on
More trees and new landscaping
are in the works in Downtown Visalia and at more of VUSD's
campuses around town, according to Urban Forestry director Brian Kempf.
Downtown, look for new landscaping starting with the corner of Floral
and
Mikasa,
the national tableware retailer at the
Success Dam project got approval
this past week for $11.6 million in the Senate to continue the seismic
upgrade study at the site near
Good news for poor people and for farmers. The WIC program – Women, Infant and Children
program – overseen by USDA, will allow food vouchers for fresh fruit
and vegetables including fresh citrus. The change will help the health
of low income women and children, as well as the bottom line for farmers
who stand to add $500 million in new sales once it begins in 2009. Mothers
who breast feed will get a voucher for more money than those who don't.
High Speed Rail Board this past
week selected the
David Hosley
has been named to succeed Carol Whiteside as president of the
Tulare County - The number of people
moving into
The county's population grew by 8,380
people, or 1.98 percent in the 12 months from July 1, 2006 to July 1,
2007. That growth ranked
Officially, the state estimate put's
Only 309 more residents moved into the
county last year than moved out, down from 1,506 the previous year and
a high of 3,146 net newcomers in the 2004-05 year. Births last year
accounted for 8,633 residents, which was offset by 2,668 deaths in the
county during the same period.
According to the state, 2,415 people called
All but two of the state's 52 counties
gained residents. Plumas and Sierra counties both showed a decline in
population.
The balance of 565,000 births and 238,000
deaths resulted in a natural increase of 327,000 persons. This accounted
for 75 percent of the 2007 fiscal year growth.
Natural increase remains a continuing
source of the state's growth this decade. Net migration contributed
over 111,000 new residents or 25 percent of the growth. This estimate
includes all legal and unauthorized foreign immigrants, residents who
left the state to live abroad, and the balance of hundreds of thousands
of people moving to and from
Since Census 2000, the state has grown
by 3.9 million persons for an overall growth rate of 11.5 percent. There
have been 3.9 million births, 1.7 million deaths for a natural increase
of 2.2 million, added to 1.5 million foreign immigrants and 125,000
domestic migrants.
Since 2000,
· Highlights
of the population report include:
· County
population totals range from 1,261 persons in Alpine, the least populated
county, to nearly 10.3 million persons in
· The
state's nine largest counties, Los Angeles, San Diego, Orange, Riverside,
San Bernardino, Santa Clara, Alameda, Sacramento and Contra Costa each
have over one million residents and combined they are home to 70 percent
of Californians.
· Riverside,
Los Angeles, San Diego, Santa Clara, and San Bernardino counties posted
the highest numeric population gains and account for nearly half of
the state's growth. Growth in
· While
· Net
migration was the primary source of growth in 27 counties. Eight counties experienced net out-migration
–
· Natural
increase (more births than deaths) was the primary source of growth
in the state and for 29 of the state's 58 counties.
Eleven counties experienced natural decrease (more deaths than
births during the year) – Amador, Calaveras, Lake, Mariposa, Modoc,
· Twenty-four
counties had a higher growth rate than the state while 32 counties had
lower rates.
Population estimates are made using aggregate data from a variety of sources, including birth and death counts provided by the Department of Health Services, number of driver's licenses and driver's license address change data from the Department of Motor Vehicles, housing unit data from local governments, school enrollment data from the Department of Education, and federal income tax return data from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. These statistical reports of administrative records do not disclose any information about individuals.
Mearles To Be Sold At Auction
Visalia - The two feuding owners
of the landmark Mearles Drive In on
Mearles is
owned by members of the Kazarian family
and the Bruce family and this week, with the help of a mediator and
former judge Howard Broadman, the two sides
agreed “to what a judge would likely order anyway,” says Bruce Lindsay,
an attorney for the Bruce family.
According to Lindsay, the public auction
is to take place in front of the drive-in February 15 at 10 a.m. and
will be conducted the way other real estate auctions are held with
a potential buyer needing to pre-qualify in order to make a bid. Lindsay
says the bidding does not preclude either family from bidding.
A local group of investors who have
urged Visalians to “Save Mearles,” say
they will make a bid on the property with plans to continue its operation
as a drive-in restaurant.
That's clearly the choice of the City
of
“The judge told the Kazarians
that if they have plans to alter the existing building, they would
have a hell of a fight on their hands,” says Lindsay. The Bruce family,
who he represents, has generally favored the continuation of the 1940
era drive-in in its historic use while the Kazarians
have said in the past they would like to flatten the place and build
something new, suggesting the place was too dilapidated to restore.
The local investment group has kept a low profile until now awaiting the outcome of the dispute. The group includes prominent Visalians “who want to see Mearles survive,” says Anne Silveria, who with husband Doug are members of the investor group. Silveria says the group is “ready to go” on the restoration of the building and could reopen the restaurant by fall if they are lucky enough to get the building in February.
Detective Shooting Stemmed from Carjacking
By Rick Elkins
Tulare County - Tulare County Sheriff's Det. Kent Haws interrupted an attempted carjacking before he was shot to death Dec. 17, authorities said Thursday.
“It was a carjacking that went bad,”
said Tulare County Assistant District Attorney Don Gallian
Thursday.
Jorge Banda, 21 of Ivanhoe, has been
charged with murder in the fatal shooting of Haws.
“The guy [Banda] runs into an orchard
and then comes out and shoots the officer,” he said.
Services for Det.
Haws, 38 and a 10-year veteran of the sheriff's department, were held
Friday and attended by hundreds of uniformed officers. The funeral
at Visalia First Assembly of God Church was followed by a procession
along Highway 198 to
The fatal shooting occurred near the
intersection of Avenue 344 and Road 156 about 1:30 on Dec. 17. According
to Gallian, Haws felt something wasn't right
about the car parked by the side of the road and stopped to investigate.
That's when he saw a man run into the orchard. Contrary to earlier
reports, authorities now say the man came out of the orchard and fired
several shots at the detective. Haws died less than two hours later,
despite efforts by several passers-by who tried to save his life.
Banda has been charged with two counts,
the first being homicide and the second a felon in possession of a
firearm. The first count carriers special circumstances of killing
a police officer and a suspect being gang-related, and special allegations
of using a firearm in the commission of a crime, gang affiliation
and committing a crime while on probation.
The charges carry either the death penalty
or life without parole. The DA's office will decide after the preliminary
hearing whether to seek the death penalty.
Banda pleaded not guilty during his
arraignment Wednesday. A January 21 date has been set to schedule
the preliminary hearing.
Gallian said
the suspect has a long criminal record, including car theft. He said
he is the only suspect in the killing. “It was a one-person thing,”
he said. He also said there were several witnesses to the shooting.
This year alone the DA's office has
filed 29 homicide cases, with 38 defendants. Total, the office has
51 cases with 68 defendants pending.
Asked if this case takes on a special
importance, Gallian responded, “Every time somebody is murdered, it's
important. This one only strikes a little closer to home.”
Det. Haws
is survived by his wife and three children, ages 13, 8 and an infant.
The Tulare County Deputy Sheriff's Benevolent
Association has opened a Memorial Fund in honor of Det.
Kent Haws. People can send donations to the Family of Det.
Kent Haws at:
Detective
c/o:
Yes Virginia, Some Do Give a Car for Christmas
Visalia - It is a gift not found
under the tree on Christmas morning, but every year a few people do
give a new vehicle as a Christmas present.
Several car manufacturers have been
showing commercials the past few weeks of people receiving a new car
for Christmas. While it is not very common, area car dealers say it
does happen, with most reporting at least two or three sales at Christmas
where the vehicle is delivered Christmas Eve, with big bow and all.
“Every year, usually a couple [of vehicles],”
said
“People, like husbands, will surprise
their wives by giving them a car. People do it [give a car], but not
as often as I would like,” said Vic Surroz,
owner of Surroz BMW and Surroz
Dodge in
Surroz said
their Visalia BMW store will have a couple of vehicles go out as Christmas
gifts this year. Its showroom had two BMWs, a black hardtop and while
convertible, both adorned with big red bows.
Frank Serpa
of Serpa Autos, which sells Kias,
Saturns and more, said there are several
reasons people might give cars as Christmas gifts. One is the end
of year and some people might be looking at a tax deduction, but more
importantly, many manufacturers are offering great end of the year
deals, including financing, that make it an attractive time to buy.
One deal, he explained, allows the buyer
to take the rebate in cash rather than having it go towards the down
payment. “They can pocket $1,000, $2,000 or $3,000,”
he said.
Surroz says
they sell three or four vehicles as Christmas presents on average
every year. “We usually deliver on Christmas Eve. That what the customers
like. That happened last year, and then the husband gave his wife
a wrapped box with the key in it under the tree,” he said.
Serpa remembered
one year when a customer came in the day before Christmas Eve. “He
didn't have a gift for his wife. He said he needed something to get
him out of the dog house,” Serpa recalled.
So, the customer picked out a car on
the showroom floor and had it delivered on Christmas Eve.
Beck said he has delivered cars two
days before Christmas, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and the day after
Christmas. Stiles Flower Shop in
“It's whatever somebody can afford,” Beck said of the type of vehicle sold. He has sold pickups as gifts. Serpa said it often times seems to the more expensive cars that are given as Christmas gifts. Most agreed it is most often that the wife is the recipient of the gift, but wives have purchased cars for their husbands as well.
COS/ImagineU Join Forces
The above stories are the property of The Valley Voice Newspaper and may not be reprinted without explicit permission in writing from the publisher.
December 26, 2007
